The primary goal of the Works Progress Administration (WPA),
one of many 1930s New Deal relief and recovery programs, was to put
people to work. Most projects were designed to spend a majority of
the funds on labor, not materials. Additionally, few projects used
powered machinery in order to allow for hiring more men. Therefore,
WPA buildings and structures in Colorado are marked by a high degree
of craftsmanship, albeit untrained, provided by primarily unskilled
labor. The quality of masonry work varies widely, undoubtedly reflecting
not only different teams of workers, but also the growing skills gained
by the men. The use of local materials in order to keep costs low is
another hallmark of WPA projects. This resulted in some similarities
of appearance within a region. WPA projects in eastern Colorado were
simply designed, often by the local sponsor or occasionally by the
regional WPA engineer. The buildings were influenced either by local
traditions or were based upon contemporary styles.
The favored contemporary style during the Depression years was Art
Deco, which represented a complete break with the traditional
designs of previous decades. Popular during the 1930s and 1940s,
it is characterized by flat roofs with uneven cornice lines, stepped
or set-back facades, a strong vertical emphasis and polychromatic materials.
Stylized relief ornamentation was generally geometric and included chevrons,
zigzag and geometric floral designs. In Art Deco examples built by federal
relief programs, the stylistic details and form of the buildings are
usually simple and restrained.
Common elements:
- use of local materials
- flat roofs with uneven cornice lines
- stepped or set-back façades
- vertical orientation
- geometric ornamentation
- more restrained than non-WPA Art Deco
For further information about the architecture and history of the New Deal
in Eastern Colorado, see the National Register multiple property document,
New Deal Resources in
Eastern Colorado, a publication available from the Office of
Archaeology and Historic Preservation.
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